3. The Case for Q Q is a derivative hypothesis. It is the result of a prior assertion, that Matthew and Luke used Mark independently of one other. As soon as one has postulated that Matthew and Luke are independent of each other but at the same time dependent on Mark, it is the natural next step to suggest that their common non-Markan material comes from a third, otherwise unknown source. Therefore many of the traditional arguments for Q are actually—quite naturally—arguments against the dependence
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